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All About Nickel: History, Invention, A Few Crucial Applications, Characteristics & Significance
For several thousands of years, men have used nickel in many of their needs. Previously, they weren't conscious of the chemical properties of the element and that they could use nickel alloys in various applications as well.
What is nickel?
Nickel is a versatile metal, a chemical component, with an atomic number of 28 and chemical symbol Ni. It's shiny and often silvery-white in appearance. It is a ferromagnetic element which can exist in room temperature. There are just 3 other components that possess the same characteristic: gadolinium, iron and cobalt.
How was nickel discovered?
It is supposed that man has used nickel since 3500 BC. However, it was only in 1751 that it was classified and recognized as a chemical component by Swedish chemist & mineralogist Axel Fredrik Cronstedt who, for the first time, thought it was a copper mineral. Since then, essential nickel ore minerals have been discovered, such as limonite, pentlandite and garnierite.
What are the properties of nickel?
The characteristics of nickel are divided into atomic, physical, isotopes, and chemical. Its atomic properties include its electronic configuration, electron structure, and other electron-related stuff.
Its physical characteristics include its color (that's silvery-white), magnetic abilities (like what was mentioned earlier, it is among the four elements that have magnetic abilities at room temperature, but is non-magnetic when open in temperature greater than that), and unit cell structure (nickel has a face centered cubic unit cell). It's also ductile and tough.
Nickel has 5 stable isotopes, each of which has an unique set of properties and characteristics. And when we speak of nickel's chemical properties, it occurs in many oxidation states. The most common among them all is +2.
Where is nickel used?
Plenty of industries now use nickel in their operations. Some of the products that use nickel are rechargeable batteries, stainless steel, coinage, electric guitar strings, magnets, nickel alloys and other sorts of alloys, including bronze, copper, lead, silver, gold, cobalt, aluminum and chromium. It's also used to make nickel cast irons and nickel steels.
Nickel alloys are normally used in power plants, gas and oil plants, and any other processing factories. They are good at corrosion resistance and heat regulation. They are also utilized in nuclear reactors and solar engineering. In our home, nickel alloys are found in our electrical heaters, cookers and other domestic device.
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